Listening Comprehension Skills: Top-Down Listening Strategies transcript

foreign skills through practice with your instructor Professor Rania from University of run 2. in order to become a better listener you have not only to be aware of listening strategies but rather be able to use them effectively so what all these strategies listening strategies are techniques or activities that directly enhance the comprehension and recall of listening input they are deliberately planned and orchestrated approach to obtain relevant insights from all about listeners speakers so these are top-down and bottom-up strategies most of the time listen but we don't know the mechanisms and the line in the process of listening have you ever asked yourself how do you we listen to the Sally ship now the two processes of listening namely top-down processes and better map processes for top-down processes a top-down approach to comprehending a listening materials begins first with a broad concept and incorporate specifics later on while better map processes are a lot different or the opposite the other way around a bottom up approach to understanding involves considering specifics before contemplating broader Concepts the top-down process is divided into two main parts schematic knowledge and contextual knowledge as far as thematic knowledge is concerned so this schematic knowledge is basically routed upon schemata or prior knowledge the schemata concerns content whereas the other part is rather formal as far as content is concerned it is relevant to uh Pride knowledge about a particular topic or theme for the former part it is being aware of how this course is organized as far as contextual knowledge is concerned it is rather about comprehension of a particular listening context which will be filtered by what we call pragmatic knowledge topped out listening strategies are centered on The Listener now these are some characteristics that will help you to understand more these strategies they rely on listeners background knowledge of subject matter context text type and language they are more General and applicable to Everyday Life what we call living listening they prioritize comprehending the overall meaning of a listening task rather than focusing on structure or details people often use top down there's new one watching movies listening to music or consuming new programs authentic materials can be utilized here in top down listening activities real life stories or news broadcasts Etc also using real life stories as listening material can increase your engagement and encourage you to have a deeper consideration of the main idea this entails using prime knowledge about a specific topic and leveraging it to uh comprehend new information well prior knowledge is context the subject matter and situation what precision and what followed it triggers a set of assumptions in your mind that is the listener in interpreting what is being heard and the predicting what will follow it means that you interpret mentally what have been said and you predict what will follow in this conversation illustrative examples we'll be listening to different lectures introductions and predicting the lecture Concept in the classroom situation listening to a lengthy section of a genuine lecture and summarizing the primary points and themes that here summarizing as a technique can be used as a strategy here as well jigsaw listening exercises are very helpful they are used to integrate with other skills in communicative language chiche top-down listening strategies concentrate on the content you may anticipate the constant surveillance ninjas ahead of time and apply different resources such as visuals and keywords to comprehend the significance of the meaning conveyed in the conversation here are some strategies you use keywords to construct the schemata of a discourse you infer the role of the participants in a situation in fact unstated details of a situation as well you saw the topic of this course a sequence of a series of events info as well that cause and effect of an event the outcome of an event in fact comparisons and to distinguish between facts and opinions this is very important because it will be helpful when we deal with the types of listeners to locate your profile and as a listener you have to make a lot of efforts and practice listening skills through top down listening activities these are some activities Illustrated in the scheme here that I will sketch out first you have sequencing or arranging pictures of events in order and the second activity located in which involves listening to a conversation and identify where that take place you can also refer to activities based on comparing which involves reading information about a topic and listening to determine if the same points are mentioned here you compare two things to parts or to ideas or whatever you like and we end up with the fourth type of activities which is deducing reducing the relationship between the individuals involved in a conversation thank you for your attention see you in the upcoming video [Music]